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2026³â 1¿ù 12ÀÏ
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prologue: Where the Sea Remembers Its Boundaries
The Theory of National Territorial Sovereignty brings together, in a single volume, a series of research contributions that reinterpret state territorial sovereignty at a historical juncture in which the sovereignty-territory order of the twenty-first century is being fundamentally restructured. It examines how the historical order of East Asia-long shaped by principles of hierarchy and tributary relations-continues to influence contemporary territorial perceptions and policy through today¡¯s international norms and politics of memory.
In particular, the volume begins from the premise that sovereignty, in the expanding landscape of global governance and human-rights networks, is no longer a closed form of territorial possession but is increasingly a mutable practice shaped by the intersections of norms, institutions, and narratives. Within this shifting terrain, the volume relocates Korea¡¯s territorial-sovereignty discourse-including the issues of Ulleungdo and Dokdo-within a broader world-historical context, while examining positive law, international politics, memory, and maritime security in an integrated manner.
Part I, ¡°State Sovereignty in Border Management,¡± analyzes how the interface between sovereignty and human rights is being reconfigured through the law, politics, and governmentality of border management. The pressures exerted by human-rights norms and transnational networks gradually re-conceptualize the meaning of sovereignty, interacting in turn with East Asia¡¯s historical experience of hierarchical order. Amid the weakening consensus on ¡°territorial integrity,¡± the practical operations of border governance have become multilayered, differentiated, and contested, revealing patterns in which norms and power increasingly overlap.
Part II, ¡°The Contemporary Implications of Intertemporal Law,¡± surveys the adaptability of legal norms over time-the temporality of law-and evaluates how the costs and enforcement mechanisms involved in the accession to and compliance with international norms influence state choices, thereby illuminating the modes of coupling and decoupling between domestic sovereignty arrangements and international law. It shows that the configuration of sovereignty and international law may shift toward either a ¡°tight coupling¡± or a ¡°loose coupling,¡± depending on the strength of normative enforcement.
Part III, ¡°Interpreting Pungilcheongmyeong: The Conditions Under Which Dokdo Is Visible from Ulleungdo,¡± and
Part IV, ¡°Jeong In-jo¡¯s Ulleungdo Travelogue and the Historical Formation and Preservation Logic of the Ulleungdo-Dokdo National Geoparks,¡± investigate how geological, ecological, and folkloric records provide a memory-based foundation for territorial identity. These inquiries intersect with critical re-readings of the material and imagined geographies produced by colonial urbanization. They further show that modern systems of coastal and marine conservation-when combined with today¡¯s multifunctional maritime zoning-reconfigure the operational space of territorial sovereignty.
Part V, ¡°The Formation of U.S. Territory and Its Perception of Dokdo: A Challenge to Korea¡¯s Inherent-Territory Theory,¡± examines how the United States expanded its borders through territorial enlargement, settlement, land policy, and population-territory management strategies, providing structural implications for the formation of postwar Northeast Asian territorial perceptions and policies. Great-power maritime strategy and naval planning influence the recognition and prioritization of regional territorial issues, linking them to broader patterns of maritime competition and cooperation in East Asia.
The chapter ¡°Dokdo: International Documents and Postwar Japan¡¯s Policy¡± systematically re-evaluates the legal implications of the San Francisco Peace Treaty, SCAPIN documents, and the 1965 Exchange of Notes, analyzing the evolution of Japan¡¯s postwar Dokdo policy through the chain of ¡°documents-policy-discourse.¡± It demonstrates how the multilateral mechanisms of the UN system and the broader policy environment of the United States have continually shaped both the constraints and opportunities available to Korean diplomatic strategy.
The volume underscores that the framing of collective memory, the authority of narrators, and the setting of boundaries constitute significant domestic variables explaining the persistent failure of Korea-Japan reconciliation, and that territorial discourse itself is reshaped through competitive mobilization in domestic politics.
Part ¥µ, ¡°Dokdo Sovereignty through the Lens of the 1965 Korea-Japan Exchange of Notes,¡±
Part ¥¶, ¡°SCAPIN Documents Subsumed into the San Francisco Peace Treaty and Their Implications for Dokdo Sovereignty,¡±
Part ¥·, ¡°Postwar Japan¡¯s Dokdo Policy,¡±
Part ¥¸, ¡°The Origins and Naming of the Four Great Naval Battles of the World,¡± and
Part ¥¹, ¡°Conscience before the State and Absolute Ethics,¡± complete the structure of the volume.
Modern maritime security is being reorganized through connective and overlapping zoning. Traditional ¡°territorial waters of national security¡± have become only one segment of multifunctional maritime belts, while the hierarchy of non-traditional security has risen. China¡¯s maritime nationalism and its carrier-centered blue-water naval ambitions pose long-term challenges to regional maritime balance and U.S.-China cooperation, shaping the strategic environment of territorial and maritime disputes in Northeast Asia.
This chapter highlights that the strategy of territorial disputes has shifted from full-scale conflict to fait accompli operations, with increasing attempts to seize sparsely populated and weakly defended strategic points-one of the defining features of the twenty-first-century security landscape.
Territory is at once a measurable boundary and a complex system in which institutions, memory, and maritime order interlock. This volume weaves together border management, intertemporal law, the preservation and interpretation of Ulleungdo and Dokdo, and the long-term dynamics of world naval history to expand Korea¡¯s territorial-sovereignty discourse into the global public sphere. In a rapidly changing international order, we must rewrite sovereignty through the languages of law, memory, technology, and the sea.
January 12, 2026
Hosaka Yuji
Director, Dokdo Research Institute, Sejong University
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ÆòÁ¤(øÁð¡) Áö¿µÈ¯(ò®ç´?) ¿Ã¸²
Portrait of George Washington (1789-1797),
1st President of the United States of America (Ú¸ÏÐ)
In 1796, the painter Gilbert Stuart began to paint the portrait of George Washington, the first President of the United States. He sought to depict the face of a newly born republic, yet he left no finished portrait behind. The face was completed, but the background was left untouched. His brush stopped at the collar, and the ethics of sovereignty remained within the blank space of the canvas. That unfinished portrait became the very face of a nation, and also the unfinished ethics of humankind.
The portrait endures as a metaphor for the origin of law and morality. Stuart used this incomplete work as the prototype for numerous replicas, but only this original remained unfinished. The artistic reason was simple, yet the philosophical reason was profound. Within that unfinished state, the nation¡¯s conscience was preserved; within the blankness of the background, the time of the republic began to unfold. The completed face gave the nation its legal form, while the empty background imposed upon it an ethical responsibility.
It is said that George Washington saw the painting himself. Though it was incomplete, he was pleased with it. To him, it was not his own likeness but the portrait of the newborn nation. Because it was unfinished, it would endure longer. Within that unpainted space, he felt the duty of completion-and that duty itself was the nation¡¯s ethics.
National sovereignty is not a completed power but a responsibility that must forever be completed. Law is not the prelude to ethics but its outcome, and ethics is the background that must be painted again and again. Where Stuart¡¯s brush halted, the nation was compelled to color its own conscience. Washington¡¯s face came to symbolize the foundation of that moral responsibility. The portrait is not the likeness of one man, but of a nation; and its unpainted background is the time allotted for humanity to complete its ethics.
A nation¡¯s territory gains real boundaries only when it is filled with that ethical color. The borders of a country are not lines on a map but traces of conscience. The nation¡¯s face is the expression of a will not to forget that moral memory.
This book begins with that unfinished portrait-not to speak of a completed law, but to search for the ethics that are yet to be fulfilled.
Artwork Information and Official Viewing Links
A Closing Reflection
A nation is not a completed face, but a canvas upon which the background of ethics must continually be painted.
January 12, 2026
Pyeongjeong (øÁð¡) Ji Young-Hwan (ò®ç´?)
»ó¼¼À̹ÌÁö![]() ÀúÀÚ¼Ò°³ÀúÀÚ : ÃÖÀç¸ñ
ÃÖÀç¸ñ(õËî¤ÙÏ | Choi Jae-Mok)
¿µ³²´ëÇб³ öÇаú ±³¼ö¤ý¿µ³²´ëÇб³ µ¶µµ¿¬±¸¼ÒÀå¤ýÁß¾Óµµ¼°üÀå¤ý¹Ì±¹ ÇϹöµå´ëÇб³ ¹æ¹®ÇÐÀÚ¤ý³×´ú¶õµå ·¹À̵§´ëÇб³ ¿¬±¸±³¼ö¤ýÀϺ» Ã÷Äí¹Ù´ë(õè÷îÓÞ) ¹®Çм®»ç¤ý¹®Çйڻç
Professor, Department of Philosophy, Yeungnam University; Director of Dokdo Research Institute, Yeungnam University; Director of Library, Yeungnam University; Visiting Scholar, Harvard University; Research Professor, Leiden University; M.A. and Ph.D., University of Tsukuba.
ÀúÀÚ : È£»çÄ« À¯Áö
È£»çÄ« À¯Áö(Hosaka Yuji)
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Emeritus Professor of Daeyang Humanity College, Sejong University; Former Professor of College of Liberal Arts, Sejong University; Directer of Dokdo Research Institute; Member of Gyeongsangbuk-do Dokdo Policy Committee; Former Guest Commentator of KBS, etc.
ÀúÀÚ : Áö¿µÈ¯
Áö¿µÈ¯(ò®ç´? | Ji Young-Hwan)
±¹°¡°ø¹«¿ø¤ý¼º±Õ°ü´ëÇб³ °âÀÓ±³¼ö¤ýÁß¾Ó´ëÇб³ ÇàÁ¤´ëÇпø °´¿ø±³¼ö¤ýÁ¦ÁÖ´ëÇб³ ¹ýÇÐÀü¹®´ëÇпø °âÀÓ±³¼ö¤ýÁß¾Ó´ëÇб³ ½É¸®¼ºñ½º´ëÇпø °âÀÓ±³¼ö¤ý¼¿ï´ëÇб³ °´¿ø¿¬±¸¿ø¤ýÀü±¹Áö¹æº¯È£»çȸÀåÇùÀÇȸ °í¹®À§¿ø
Government Official; Adjunct Professor, Sungkyunkwan University; Visiting Professor, Graduate School of Public Administration, Chung-Ang University; Adjunct Professor, Jeju National University Law School; Adjunct Professor, Graduate School of Psychological Services, Chung-Ang University; Visiting Research Fellow, Seoul National University; Advisory Member, Council of Local Bar Association Presidents (Korea)
ÀúÀÚ : Á¤µ¿Àº
Á¤µ¿Àº(ï÷ÔÔëÜ | Chung Dong-Eun)
°í·Á´ëÇб³ ±¹Á¦¹ý¿¬±¸¼¾ÅÍ °í¹®¤ý¿Ü±³ºÎ Àü ±¹Á¦°ü°è´ë»ç¤ýÇѱ¹¿Ü±¹¾î´ëÇб³ ¹ýÇÐÀü¹®´ëÇпø Ãʺù±³¼ö¡¤Á¦15ȸ ¿Ü¹«°íµî°í½Ã ÇÕ°Ý
Advisor, Center for International Law, Korea University; Former Ambassador for International Relations, Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Korea); Visiting Professor, School of Law, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies; Passed the 15th High Diplomatic Service Examination in 1981 (Korea)
ÀúÀÚ : ÃÖÀå±Ù
ÃÖÀå±Ù(õËíþÐÆ | Choi Jang-Geun)
´ë±¸´ëÇб³ ÀϺ»¾îÀϺ»Çаú ±³¼ö¤ý´ë±¸´ëÇб³ µ¶µµ¿µÅäÇבּ¸¼ÒÀå¤ýÀü Çѱ¹ÀϺ»¹®ÈÇÐȸ ȸÀå¤ý¹Ì±¹ ¸Ó·¹ÀÌ ÁÖ¸³´ëÇб³ ¹æ¹®±³¼ö¤ý¼¿ï´ëÇб³ ±¹Á¦´ëÇпø Ã¥ÀÓ¿¬±¸¿ø¤ýÀϺ» Áê¿À´ëÇб³ ¹ýÇйڻç(Á¤Ä¡ÇÐ)¤ýÇѱ¹¿µÅäÇÐȸ ÀÌ»ç
Professor, Department of Japanese Language and Studies, Daegu University; Director, Dokdo-Territorial Studies Institute, Daegu University; Former President, Korean Association of Japanese Culture; Visiting Professor, Murray State University (USA); Senior Research Fellow, Graduate School of International Studies, Seoul National University; Ph.D. in Law (Political Science), Chuo University (Japan); Director, Korean Territorial Society
ÀúÀÚ : Çö´ë¼Û
Çö´ë¼Û(úÜÓÞáæ | Hyun Dae-Song)
Çѱ¹Çؾç¼ö»ê°³¹ß¿ø ¸í¿¹ ¿¬±¸À§¿ø¤ýÀü Çѱ¹Çؾç¼ö»ê°³¹ß¿ø ¿¬±¸À§¿ø¤ýÀϺ» µµÄì´ëÇб³ ±³¼ö¤ý±¹¹Î´ëÇб³ ±³¼ö
Honorary Research Fellow, Korea Maritime Institute; Former Research Fellow, Korea Maritime Institute; Professor, University of Tokyo (Japan); Professor, Kookmin University
ÀúÀÚ : À±´ëÇö
À±´ëÇö(ëÅÓÞúè | Yoon Dai-Hyun)
¼º±Õ°ü´ëÇб³ °æ¿µÇÐÇлç¤ýÁ¤Ä¡Çм®»ç, FM ±×·ì ȸÀå¤ýÇѱ¹Çå¹ýÇבּ¸¼Ò °í¹®
B.A. in Business Administration, Sungkyunkwan University; M.A. in Political Science; Chairman, FM Group; Advisor, Korean Constitutional Law Research Institute
ÀúÀÚ : ÃÖÈ¿¿ø
ÃÖÈ¿¿ø(õËüùêª | Choi Hyo-Won)
Çѱ¹Çü»ç¹ý¹«Á¤Ã¥¿¬±¸¿ø ºÎ¿¬±¸À§¿ø(¹ýÇйڻç)
Associate Research Fellow, Korea Institute of Criminology and Justice; Ph.D. in Law
ÀúÀÚ : Á¶±âȯ
Á¶±âȯ(ðáÑÃüº | Cho Ki-Hwan)
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M.A. in Business Administration, Graduate School, Sungkyunkwan University; CEO, AmityBio Co., Ltd.
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¥³. ÇÑ»êµµÇØÀü: ÇÐÀÍÁø(ùÍìÏòæ)À» Ä¡´Ù-Àû ¼¼·Â 73ô Àü°ú: 59ô ºÐ¸ê 228
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2. ¿ª»çÀû¡¤»ç·áÀû ¸Æ¶ô 295
3. ½ÃÀû ÀçÇö-The Sea of Loyalty - The Death of Yi Sun-sin (1545-1598) 295
4. öÇÐÀû ÇØ¼® 298
5. ¹®ÈÀû¡¤À±¸®Àû ÇÔÀÇ 298
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7. ¼Ò°á 304
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2. ¹Ù´ÙÀÇ µÎ À±¸®(Õ×úñý×Ã) 306
3. À̼ø½Å - ¼¼°è Á¦5´ë ¼ºÀÎ(á¡ìÑ)(Yi Sun-sin-The Fifth Saint of Humanity) 308
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5. °á·Ð-ÀηùÀÇ ¼ºÀÎÇÐ(á¡ìÑùÊ) 311
6. µµ½Ä-Àηù À±¸®ÀÇ »ïÁß ±¸Á¶ 311
7. ÃÖÁ¾ °á¾î(Final Coda) 311
The Two Souls before the State and the Absolute Ethics
CHAPTER ¥°. Introduction-Humanity, the State, and the Moral Ontology before God and the People 327
1. Research Background and Objectives 330
2. Review of Previous Studies 331
3. Significance and Scope of the Study 331
4. Framework of Analysis 332
CHAPTER ¥±. The Law of Duty and the Ethics of Loyalty 336
1. World War I (1914-1918)(World War ¥°: The Collapse of Ethical Sovereignty) 336
2. World War ¥±(1939-1945)(World War ¥±: The Axis of Duty and Complicity) 338
3. Modern Conflicts: Gulf, Ukraine(Modern Conflicts: The Mechanization of Morality) 339
CHAPTER ¥². The Philosophy of the Nation-Between Law, Ethics, and Divinity 341
1. Problem Statement-On the Boundary of Duty and God 341
2. Historical and Archival Context 342
3. Poetic Reconstruction 342
4. Philosophical Interpretation 345
5. Cultural and Ethical Implications 345
6. Sub-Conclusion 346
7. The Legacy of Trafalgar: Institutionalization of Duty 347
8. Primary Sources 348
CHAPTER ¥³. Yi Sun-sin-The Ethics of Loyalty 349
1. Problem Statement-At the Boundary of Loyalty and Life 349
2. Historical and Archival Context 351
3. Poetic Representation-The Sea of Loyalty-The Death of Yi Sun-sin(1545-1598) 351
4. Philosophical Interpretation 354
5. Cultural and Ethical Implications 354
6. Sub-Conclusion 355
CHAPTER ¥´. The Confluence of Two Souls - Beyond the State, Before God 356
1. Introduction - The End of War and the Human Prayer 356
2. Philosophical Comparison-The Two Languages of Duty and Loyalty 356
3. The Structure of Morality-The Human beyond the State 357
4. Poetic Integration-A Dialogue of Two Seas 358
5. The Issue of Ethics - The Divinization of Humanity 358
6. Conclusion-The Human before God 359
7. Sub-Conclusion 360
CHAPTER ¥µ. Conclusion-The Saints of the Sea: The Two Seas of Duty and the Fifth Saint of Humanity 361
1. Introduction- The End of War, the Birth of Ethics 361
2. The Two Seas of Duty 361
3. Yi Sun-sin-The Fifth Saint of Humanity 363
4. Philosophical Conclusion - Man beyond the Tools of the State 365
5. Conclusion-Hagiology of Humanity 366
6. Diagram-The Trinitarian Structure of Human Ethics 366
7. Final Coda 367
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